[1] He was born in Sochatchov, Poland. His father, R’ Aharon Yehoshua Friedman, was a poor shamash (shul caretaker). His mother supplemented the family income by selling wares in various fairs and markets. R’ Alexander Zusha, their only son, proved himself to be an Illui, exceptional student at a very young age. When he was 3, he knew the entire Sefer Breishis by heart. When he was 9, his teacher informed his father that he had nothing left to teach him. His father then arranged for him to learn with a Talmudic scholar who had been brought from another town by three wealthy families to teach their gifted sons. The tuition was three rubles each per week, a huge sum in those days. When these families heard that R’ Alexander Zusha would join their group, they offered to pay his father the three rubles for the privilege of having R’ Alexander Zusha learn with and motivate their sons. But his father insisted on paying the tuition himself, which amounted to his entire week's wages. After his bar mitzva, R’ Alexander Zusha entered the Sochatchover Yeshiva. In the summer of 1914 he became engaged to a girl from a nearby town. With the outbreak of World War I, he, his Kalla and his parents fled to Warsaw, where he studied under R’ Baruch Gelbart, a well-to-do Talmudic scholar who offered to support him, an offer which he refused. Postwar Poland was full of new reforms and political movements that caused many Jewish youth to rebel against traditional Torah observance. R’ Alexander Zusha founded the Orthodox Federation to strengthen youth who were still loyal to the Torah camp. In 1925 he was appointed secretary-general of Agudas Yisrael of Poland, a position he held until his death. He represented Agudas Yisrael in the Jewish Community Council of Warsaw. He was also the chairman of Keren HaTorah (the educational fund-raising arm of Agudas Yisrael), head of the Federation of Yesodei HaTorah Schools (the network of boys schools run by Agudas Yisrael), member of the National Executive of the Beis Yaakov movement in Poland, and director of the Bais Yaakov Teachers Seminary in Krakow. He was also a founder of the Seminary for Religious Teachers in Warsaw and lectured in this teacher-training institute. In addition to his other gifts, he was a masterful orator and writer. His speeches combined deep knowledge of the Torah with original insights, and he was the second most popular speaker for the Agudas Yisrael of Poland, second only to R’ Meir Shapiro. In 1919 he founded and edited Digleinu (Our Banner).  From 1936 to 1938 he was a co-editor of Darkeinu (Our Path), the official journal of Agudas Yisrael of Poland. He visited Palestine in 1934. His sister, who had married R’ Avraham Mokatowski, known by his pen name, Eliyahu Kitov, immigrated to Palestine before World War II, as did his parents, but he opted to remain in Poland because of his communal responsibilities. He was one of the Torah leaders in the Warsaw Ghetto. He organized an underground network of religious schools, including a Yesodei HaTorah school for boys, a Beis Yaakov school for girls, a school for elementary Jewish instruction, and three institutions for advanced Jewish studies. On July 22^nd, 1942 the Germans began mass deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto to the death camps. Among those deported were his wife and 13-year-old daughter, their only child, that had been born to them after 11 years of marriage, who were taken to Treblinka. He alerted world Jewry to the start of deportations in a coded message. His telegram read: "Mr. Amos kept his promise from the fifth-third." He was referring to the Sefer Amos 5:3, which reads: העיר היצאת אלף תשאיר מאה והיוצאת מאה תשאיר עשרה לבית ישראל, the city from which a thousand people go forth will be left with a hundred, and one from which a hundred people go forth will be left with ten to the House of Israel. Among his many works, is Der Torah Kval (1937), translated into Hebrew as Maayanah shel Torah and into English as Wellsprings of Torah, which combines insights from classic and Chassidish Torah commentators with his own chiddushim on the weekly Parsha and Haftorah. He wrote this work in Yiddish rather than Hebrew, and in a lighter, easy-to-understand style of short teachings, to appeal to the many Jews who were no longer versed in the difficult language and concepts of Hebrew sefarim. He also published several textbooks for religious schools, including a Yiddish primer. He was incarcerated in the Warsaw Ghetto, deported to the Trawinki concentration camp and murdered.

[2] Volume I, Number 7.

[3] R’ Spivak was born in 1880 to a family of Kotzker and Gerrer Chassidim. He obtained Semicha from the Aruch Hashulchan, the Dayanim of Warsaw and other luminaries. In 1935 he published his work, the Mateh Moshe, containing Halachic novalle on Torah and Responsa, which has haskamos from the Ohr Someach, Aruch Hashulchan, R’ Meir Arik and others. The Ohr Someach and Aruch Hashulchan state that his Chiddushei Torah should be widely disseminated because even Gedolai Yisrael can learn and derive great pleasure from his Bekius and Charifus, encyclopedic knowledge and brilliant insights. His life came to an end when he was murdered in Auschwitz.

[4] He stated that in his opinionמהנכון שניסד חברה ש"ס כללית וכל חברינו...שיהיה יקבעו זמן בין תפלת מנחה למעריב ללמוד בחבורה דף גמרא תמידין כסדרן..., a Chevras Shas should be established in which all the participants would be charedi traders, workers, craftsmen or day laborers. They would fix a time daily between Mincha and Maariv to study a daf of Gemara in the order that the dapim appear in the Shas; it goes without saying, that every member was to be obligated to take upon himself to learn every day at the same time.

[5] About ten years before R’ Spivak made his proposal to study Daf Yomi, such a proposal was published by R’ Yechezkel Fraser. R’ Fraser was born in 1829 in the Mariampol district of Lithuania and later moved to New York. His proposal appeared in his sefer “Porachas Hagefen– Yom Yisrael” and was written in Yiddish. He suggested that all Shas groups should unite to be one company, and that each group should teach the same daf in the same masechta at the same time in its own Shul. There are also (at least) four sources reporting Daf Yomi suggestions at earlier dates. They are: the Gerrer Rebbe, R’ Yaakov Lorbeerbaum of Lissa, R’ Akiva Eiger and the Jewish Community in Moravia (Rabbi Dr. Chaim Simons).

[6] R’ Shapiro, also known as the Lubliner Rav, was a descendant of R’ Pinchas Koritzer, a student of the Baal Shem Tov. After cheder, he studied with his grandfather, the Baal Minchas Shai, R’ Shmuel Yitzchak Schor. Another of his early teachers was the Shotzer Rebbe, R’ Shulem Moshkovitz. From an early age, he was known as an outstanding leader and gifted speaker. He was soon ordained by many great scholars, including the Maharsham. His grandfather introduced him to the Chortkover Rebbe, and thus began his passion for Chassidus, and the beginning of his relationship with the Chortkover Rebbe. His first rabbinical posting came in 1911 when he was appointed Rav of Galina, spending ten years in the city, during which time he established a Yeshiva called Bnei Torah. During the years 1922 to 1927, R’ Shapiro became the first Orthodox Jew to become a member in the Sejm (Parliament) of the Second Polish Republic representing the Jewish minority of the country. He established the Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva in 1930. Over one hundred thousand Jews took part in the celebration of its opening. The students in the Yeshiva were of the highest caliber, many of them were of genius quality and the Yeshiva produced many great leaders among the Jewish people until its tragic end in the Second World War. In 1931, he was appointed rabbi of Lublin in the old shul of the Maharshal. R’ Shapiro died without children. His death was mourned in both Jewish and non-Jewish Poland. Countless newspapers across the entire political spectrum, from Orthodox to Yiddishist to socialist, featured front-page biographies of R’ Shapiro.  

[7] In those years, only some Gemaras of Shas were being learned regularly, such as Brachos, Shabbos, and Eruvin, which deal with practical laws, while others were hardly studied.

[8] The Knessia Gedola lasted for 10 days. The Knessia introduced two programs that would forever change education in the Jewish world. Formal schooling for girls under Sarah Schenirer’s Beis Yaakov and the Daf Yomi.

[9] In his excitement forgot, R’ Shapiro to credit R’ Spivak with the idea. R’ Shapiro later wrote R’ Spivak a letter apologizing for the oversight. R’ Spivak always resisted the wishes of his household and his relatives who wanted to publicize that it was his idea because he felt that it would result in damaging the name of R’ Shapiro or of Agudas Yisrael.

[10] On Friday, December 13, 2013, the tenth of Teves, an extremely unusual occurrence continued to take place in Eretz Yisrael, as the tremendous snowstorm continued to hit Yerushalayim. The Daf Yomi of that day was Yoma 35 where it relates that one time Hillel didn’t find the means to earn money and the guard of the Beis Midrash didn’t let him enter. So he climbed up to the roof, suspended himself and sat at the edge of the skylight to hear words of Torah from Shemaya and Avtalyon. That day was Erev Shabbos, in the Teves season (תקופת טבת) and snow descended…Similarly, in 2013, on Erev Shabbos in Teves, an enormous amount of snow fell.

[11] Yevamos 121a.

[12] Among the expected places a Daf shiur takes place in, such as Shuls and Yeshivos, it also takes place in some unusual places. These include in the United States Senate, Wall Street board rooms, and on the Long Island Rail Road, in the last car of two commuter trains departing Far Rockaway at 7:51 am and 8:15 am, respectively, for Manhattan. Daf Yomi shiurim are also piped into the in-flight sound system of all El-Al flights.

[13] Soon after its introduction, Daf Yomi inspired the founding of other Yomi (Daily) study programs for key texts of Judaism. These include Mishna Yomis, the daily study of Mishna; Nach Yomi, the daily study of Neviim and Kesuvim; and Mussar Yomi, the daily study of Mussar. In 1980, the Gerrer Rebbe introduced Yerushalmi Yomi, a daily schedule for completing Talmud Yerushalmi. In 1984, the Lubavitcher Rebbe introduced Mishna Torah Yomi, a daily study schedule to finish the Rambam’s Mishna Torah in a year. Dirshu has introduced Mishna Brura Yomi, a daily learning plan which finishes the Mishna Brura in seven years.

[14] Shevet Halevi, 10:13. R’ Wosner studied in the Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva. He married and immigrated to Palestine before the Holocaust, settling in Yerushalayim where he studied at the Dushinsky Yeshiva. It was in that time that, despite his young age, he became a member of the Eidah HaChareidis. He served as an illustrious posek for seven decades. At the behest of the Chazon Ish, he was appointed as Rav of Zichron Meir in Bnei Brak in addition to his position as Rosh Yeshiva of the newly re-established Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin. His sons include R’ Chaim Wosner, formerly Dayan of London's Satmar community, who moved to Bnei Brak to assist his father in the management of the Yeshiva. R’ Ben Tzion Wosner of Monsey, New York is the Av Beis Din of the Shevet Halevi Beis Din. Another son, R’ Yosef Wosner, is a businessman in Brooklyn, New York.

[15] For the first cycle, there were only 2,702 pages of Talmud on the schedule; later leading Rabbis increased it to 2,711, changing the edition used for Mesachta Shekalim, taken from Talmud Yerushalmi, to one with more pages.

[16] The first Siyum Hashas took place on the 15^th of Shevat, February 2, 1931, in several cities in Europe and in Yerushalayim, with the main venue being the newly opened Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin in Lublin, Poland. Tens of thousands of Jews attended these events. R’ Shapiro presided over the Siyum in his Yeshiva in the presence of many leaders of Polish Jewry. In the United States, Siyums were held in Baltimore and Philadelphia.